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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Apologies again for cross postings but in
light of similar discussions in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>
I though that some might be interested in Marybeth Shinn’s decision<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Can anyone shed light on the developments
on this issue from the <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Brisbane</st1:place></st1:City>
conference??<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>____________________________________________</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dawn Darlaston-Jones, PhD</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Lecturer</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Behavioural Science</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>College of Arts & Sciences</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
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face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> of <st1:PlaceName
w:st="on">Notre</st1:PlaceName></span></font></st1:place><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> Dame</span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font size=2
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>FREMANTLE</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Western Australia</span></font></st1:place></st1:State><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> WA 6160</span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Tel: +61 8 9433 0567</span></font><font
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>e-mail <a
href="mailto:ddarlaston-jones@nd.edu.au">ddarlaston-jones@nd.edu.au</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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w:insAuthor="ddarlaston-jones" w:insDate="2007-10-09T08:06:00Z"
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style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
SCRA-L Div27 General Membership List [mailto:SCRA-L@LISTS.APA.ORG] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Brad Olson<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 08 October 2007 23:34<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> SCRA-L@LISTS.APA.ORG<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [SCRA-L] Marybeth Shinn's
resignation from the APA</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear SCRA,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The following is a letter from Marybeth Shinn to Sharon Brehm and the
APA. Marybeth intends, just to make it clear, to remain a member of SCRA. I
would introduce more, but the letter in every way speaks for itself and to the
core of the whole issue: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>October 7, 2007<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dr. Sharon Brehm<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>President, American Psychological Association<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Department of Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>1101 East 10th Street<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Bloomington, IN 47405-7007<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Sharon and Members of the Board of Directors:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I am writing with sorrow to resign from the American Psychological
Association. I do not do so lightly, because my connections to APA are deep and
long. I have been a member since 1980, a fellow since 1986, and a president of
two APA divisions and their associated societies, 9 (the Society for the
Psychological Study of Social Issues) and 27 (the Society for Community
Research and Action). I feel I owe you and my other colleagues an explanation,
detailed below. Briefly, I am resigning because the American Psychological
Association continues to condone psychologists’ work in detention centers that
violate international law and because of actions by APA’s leadership to
discourage dissent from its policies in this matter.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><u><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Condoning Work in Illegal
Detention Centers</span></font></u></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>This summer, the APA Council voted down an amendment stating that the
role of psychologists in settings in which detainees are deprived of their
human rights should be limited to providing psychological treatment. APA’s
action effectively condones psychologists’ continued participation in
interrogations at Guantánamo and in other centers that violate both the Geneva
Convention and the U.S. Constitution. The resolution that was approved simply
requires that psychologists not plan, design, or assist in the use of torture
and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and
that they report instances of which they become aware. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I believe that the failure of APA to call for psychologists to leave
Guantánamo and CIA black sites lends support and legitimacy to violations of
ethics and international law. The American Bar Association has announced that
it will stop attempting to find lawyers for detainees at Guantánamo because,
according to a report in the New York Times, “it did not want to ‘lend support
and credibility’ to what it called inadequate legal protections for the 340 men
held there” (Glaberson, 2007). APA should show similar courage.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>In addition, although I appreciate the argument that psychologists “on
the inside” are in a position to challenge conditions of prisoners’
confinement, and have done so, I think it is equally likely that they will be
co-opted. There is strong social psychological evidence of the coercive power
of situational influences, even in the course of quite short-term experiments,
and evidence that individuals recruit information and shift attitudes to
justify the behavior in which they have engaged. Psychologists are unlikely to
be immune to such forces, especially when secrecy requirements prevent them
from discussing issues with others who are not subject to the same influences.
Under the long-term and open-ended coercive conditions of detention centers, it
seems at least as likely that psychologists would become part of the problem as
that they would succeed in creating solutions. Indeed, the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), as cited in the <i><span style='font-style:
italic'>New York Times</span></i> and denied by the government, has stated that
information from detainees’ medical records has been used to guide
interrogations, and that psychologists are centrally involved in this
process: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Doctors and medical personnel conveyed information about prisoners'
mental health and vulnerabilities to interrogators, the report said, sometimes
directly, but usually through a group called the Behavioral Science
Consultation Team, or B.S.C.T. The team, known informally as Biscuit, is
composed of psychologists and psychological workers who advise the
interrogators, the report said. (Lewis, 2004).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Although APA has passed resolutions unequivocally condemning and
prohibiting psychologists’ participation in torture or cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment, a report of the Office of the Inspector General of the
Department of Defense (dated August 25, 2006, but released more recently)
suggests that psychologists have been centrally involved in practices that the
APA has banned. In a section on “development of interrogation policy at
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba,” the report suggests that psychologists were responsible
for reverse engineering torture techniques from the military’s Survival,
Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) program originally intended to train
U.S. personnel how to resist breaking down if they were captured and tortured.
Especially chilling to me, the report states that “The Army Special Operations
Command was examining the role of interrogation support as a ‘SERE Psychologist
competency area’” (p. 25)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The APA’s ban on psychologists’ participation in torture is absolute,
but the Association explicitly amended its Ethics Code in 2002 to permit
psychologists who experience other conflicts between law and ethics to “adhere
to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal
authority” (section 1.02). They should first make the conflict known and
attempt to resolve it. I believe that “the governing legal authority” at both
Guantánamo and CIA black sites, where individuals are held without prospect of
release, under shifting legal guidelines, and without the opportunity to
challenge their detention in impartial courts, violates international law. By
continuing to work in such facilities, psychologists, whatever their
intentions, become complicit in their violations of human rights. Given the
ICRC evidence that psychologists have misused medical records at Guantánamo to
exploit detainees’ vulnerabilities in interrogation, I would not advocate an
exception for therapeutic treatment.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Note that I make no representation about the guilt or innocence of the
detainees. Some may well be guilty of heinous crimes against humanity. Others
are probably innocents swept up in error. But all are human beings entitled to the
protection of international law.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-style-span><u><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Discouraging Dissent</span></font></u></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Reasonable people can disagree about appropriate ethical responses to
conditions that are widely deemed unethical. I appreciate the debate that went
on at the Convention this summer. However, in many other ways, APA’s leaders
have blocked challenges to psychologists’ involvement in detention centers,
misrepresented the nature of dissent, and even made <i><span style='font-style:
italic'>ad hominem</span></i> attacks on dissenters.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>An early action that minimized challenges was the composition of the
APA Presidential Task Force on Psychological Ethics and National Security
(PENS). Three of the ten members were active duty military officers, two more
worked for Defense Department Agencies, and a sixth consulted with a Defense
agency. As noted in a September 19 letter to you by Drs. Steven Reisner, Stephen
Soldz, and Brad Olson (Reisner, Soldz & Olson, 2007), as well as an earlier
open letter which I co-signed, some of these members were in the chain of
command at the places and during the times that abuses have been documented.
Some are also credited with protesting unethical actions. Irrespective of their
individual actions, their employment constituted a conflict of interest. A
committee’s criticism of detention centers and psychologists’ involvement in
them is likely to be muted when a majority of its members are paid salaries or
consulting fees by the military or the Department of Defense. Two of the four
members with no Defense involvement have now dissociated themselves from the
PENS Task Force. Dr. Wessells resigned in January, 2006, “because continuing
work with the Task Force tacitly legitimates the wider silence and inaction of
the APA on the crucial issues at hand” (Wessells, 2006) and Dr. Arrigo publicly
complained about irregularities in Task Force procedures in her remarks at the
most recent APA convention, as recorded by Democracy Now (Arrigo, 2007).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Another recent action to minimize challenge occurred this summer at the
APA convention, when the Board of Directors initially attempted to prevent APA
Council from voting on a resolution limiting psychologists’ roles in detention
centers (“the moratorium resolution”) by presenting its own substitute
resolution, which reaffirmed, but also unfortunately weakened last year’s
resolution condemning torture. Under APA procedures, Council would have had the
opportunity to vote on a moratorium resolution only if they first voted down
the substitute resolution condemning torture. When advocates pointed out that
this substitution violated APA procedures (2006, p. 19: substitute motions
cannot “change an affirmative main motion into a negative proposal not to take
that action") there was discussion and compromise: A stronger substitute
resolution was put forward and passed, and a limit on psychologists’
involvement was allowed as an amendment, and voted down. Dr. Linda Woolf (2007)
has written articulately and at length about the limitations of the resolution
that was passed: “Ultimately,” she summarizes, “the 2007 Resolution maintains
the status quo and prisoners will continue to experience torture and other cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment both as a function of perpetrator behavior and
as a function of context” (Woolf, 2007).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>An example of the misrepresentation of dissent is the letter you have
circulated from Dr. Olivia Moorehead-Slaughter, chair of the PENS Task Force
(Moorehead-Slaughter, 2007), commenting on Dr. Arrigo’s concerns about the Task
Force. Dr. Moorehead-Slaughter spends a considerable portion of her letter
defending against attacks that Dr. Arrigo never made. Someone who read only Dr.
Moorehead-Slaughter’s reply but not Dr. Arrigo’s original criticism of
procedural irregularities and conflicts of interest, might think the criticism
was misguided. For example, Dr. Moorehead-Slaughter begins with a disclaimer
that she has “never worked in any capacity for the CIA, the FBI, or the
Department of Defense,” a claim that Dr. Arrigo never made, and an extensive
defense of her integrity, which Dr. Arrigo never impugned. She goes on to
defend the actions and integrity of other members of the Task Force, when Dr.
Arrigo’s concern was with procedures and conflicts of interest created by
members’ employment. Dr. Moorehead-Slaughter does go on to address some of Dr.
Arrigo’s procedural concerns, although in ways that have been disputed by
Reisner et al. (2007). She ends by lauding APA’s openness as represented in
this summer’s mini-convention on ethics and interrogation, which I agree was
laudable, and by the fact that “The Board of Directors was entirely committed
to ensuring that a proposal limiting the roles of APA members in detention
facilities would be discussed and debated at the Council of Representatives
meeting.” As noted above, I do not believe this is true.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>More egregious is former president Gerald Koocher’s denigration of
critics. In his presidential column in the APA’s <i><span style='font-style:
italic'>Monitor on Psychology</span></i>, he complained that:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>A number of <i><span style='font-style:italic'>opportunistic
commentators masquerading as scholars</span></i> have continued to report on
alleged abuses by mental health professionals. However, when solicited in
person to provide APA with names and circumstances in support of such claims,
no data have been forthcoming from these same critics and no APA members have
been linked to unprofessional behaviors (Koocher, 2006, p. 7, emphasis added).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The American Psychological Associations Public Affairs Office (2007),
on the other hand, acknowledges that two psychologists have been identified as
developers of interrogation tactics, but they are not APA members.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dr. Koocher has also defamed both Dr. Arrigo and her father in a
widely-circulated, open letter to Amy Goodman of Democracy Now! (Koocher,
2007). His allegations were refuted (Reisner, et al., 2007) and since removed
from his web site and Goodman's. But even if they had been true, his effort to
discredit the messenger, rather than dealing with the substance of the message,
has no place in reasoned argument. The substance of Dr. Arrigo's message was
that APA-Department of Defense conflicts of interest on the part of six task
force members and several unacknowledged participants in the task force meeting
compromised the PENS report.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>In sum, I have become increasingly troubled with the American
Psychological Associations failure to call for a moratorium on psychologists’
involvement at Guantánamo and CIA black sites, and am appalled by the actions
of its leadership in response to dissent. I hereby resign.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Marybeth Shinn<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Member # 1603-1653<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Cc: Members of the Board of Directors, Dr. Moorehead-Slaughter<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>References<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='text-align:auto'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>American Psychological Association (2006). 2006 Council of Representatives
Handbook. <a href="http://www.apa.org/governance/rephandbook06.pdf">http://www.apa.org/governance/rephandbook06.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.apa.org/governance/rephandbook06.pdf"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>American Psychological Association (2007) Reaffirmation of the American
Psychological Association Position Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Its Application to Individuals Defined in
the United States Code as “Enemy Combatants”</span></font><span
class=apple-style-span><b><font size=1><span style='font-size:6.5pt;font-weight:
bold'> </span></font></b></span>Resolution Adopted August 19, 2007. <a
href="http://www.apa.org/governance/resolutions/councilres0807.html">http://www.apa.org/governance/resolutions/councilres0807.html</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a
href="http://www.apa.org/governance/resolutions/councilres0807.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>American Psychological Association Public Affairs Office (September,
2007).Frequently asked questions regarding apa's policies and positions on the
use of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment during interrogations. <a
href="http://www.apa.org/releases/faqinterrogation.html">http://www.apa.org/releases/faqinterrogation.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a
href="http://www.apa.org/releases/faqinterrogation.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Arrigo, J.M. (2007, August 20) Remarks at the Convention of the
American Psychological Association, as recorded by Democracy Now. Transcript at
<a href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/08/20/1628234">http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/08/20/1628234</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Glaberson, W. (2007, September 29). Legal aid offer for detainees is
retracted. <i><span style='font-style:italic'>The New York Times</span></i>, p.
A9.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Koocher, G. (2006, Feb 2.). Speaking against torture. President’s
Column, <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Monitor on Psychology, 37 </span></i>(2),
p. 5.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Koocher, G. (2007). Open letter to Amy Goodman. <a
href="http://psychoanalystsopposewar.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/koocher_open_letter_to_amy_goodman.pdf">http://psychoanalystsopposewar.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/koocher_open_letter_to_amy_goodman.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Lewis, N. A. (2004, November 30). Red Cross Finds Detainee Abuse in
Guantánamo. <i><span style='font-style:italic'>The New York Times</span></i>,
p. A1.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Moorehead-Slaughter, O. (2007, undated in the version I received).
Letter to Sharon Brehm. Posted on multiple listservs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense (August
25, 2006). <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Review of the DOD-Directed
Investigations of Detainee Abuse</span></i>. Report No. 06-Intell-10, August
25, 2006, Evaluation Report.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Reisner, S., Soldz, S., & Olson, B. (2007, September 19). Letter to
Sharon Brehm. Posted on multiple listservs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Wessells, M. (2006, January 15). Resignation letter. Posted on listserv
of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Woolf, L. M. (2007, September 1/2). Sad day for psychologists: Major
blow against human rights. <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Counterpunch. </span></i><a
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html">http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/woolf09012007.html"></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:9.5pt;
margin-left:0cm;min-height: 17.0px'><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Beth Shinn<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Professor of Applied Psychology and Public Policy<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>New York University<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div style='min-height: 17px'>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.5pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>715 Broadway, Room 201<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>New York, NY 10003<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>(212) 998-7923<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>fax: (212) 998-7781<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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